Is it possible to set up an ore to work as a replacement for another ore? The mod idea I wanted to try is this: 4 wood in furnace = 1 charcoal 2 charcoal = 1 coal for all coal related purposes, including fuel.
Edit: Seems I misunderstood what you wanted to do, the easiest way would be to just have a recipe converting charcoal to coal as others have stated.
As fuel there'd be no issue, as its just a number in the material file. As for crafting recipes, I don't think its possible at a base level. Doesn't look like you could have logic in the recipe files, so you;d have to have one recipe that say called for 1 coal, and a different one that called for 2 charcoal. It would be cleaner to just have the ability to turn wood into charcoal at the furnace or something, and that then into coal.
Well it looks like you can add as many recipes as you want. So if you wanted charcoal to make torches and steel, you could make two recipes for that. If you wanted to skip turning charcoal into coal that is. Unfortunately I tried something like this earlier but it crashed Starbound on startup.