I'm proposing something like a list that you can store a handful of useful coordinates on. Maybe five or six, but more than 10 seems a bit much. It would involve a gui that allows you to select one of your stored coords and a button on the ship's console that allows you to store such a coordinate. I don't think it would be too different than the 'set home' button, only could be a 'store planet' or 'frequently visited' button. I've got some exp in pixel art - I wouldn't mind adding my skill to the art for the mod, I'm not a programmer, though. I'd give it a shot if anyone had a tutorial that would point me in the right direction...
I've been unable to find any example of building a UI like that with the current modding API. It appears to be impossible at this time.
I'm with kieve on this one. As far as I've found, most of the GUI's logic is hard-coded, most of the .lua files only define actor behaviour, players, NPC's and enemies. So I don't think we can manage something like that just yet. Give it time though.