Say I have the bigger ship thing, or an item he doesn't have, if I join his server, will we crash? If he joins mine? Can he see the stuff , the bigger ship, etc.?
If it's a custom ship it wont crash outright, no idea what will happen if you try to go there though, never tried. If it's a stat edit to a vanilla item (still uses vanilla graphics), it will be fine.
Thats because their starbound game doesn't have the files, so they have no clue what the item is and farts a brick in protests.