I'd like a teleportation device, that takes you to your base or spawn, like the Magic Mirror in Terraria. It saved me a bunch of times.
Yea, the magic mirror would be useful in Starbound and was useful in Terraria but having something ported over from an earlier game doesn't have a neat feel to it for some reason (For me only. Not sure about anyone else) and Starbound is the science age! Not the magical/fantasy edge! Try to go more in depth with the sci-ency feel of Starbound, take advantage of it and the ideas will be totally awesome! Try to go sci-fi from here and I would really like to read some stuph like that! As for the teleportation idea, yes, I think it's a great idea overall but remember, not too much magic !
Maybe, there would be an item that is a cross-dimension bridge detector, and you use it to find and jump bridges to a system of empty caverns. These caverns go up, down, everywhere, and cross through each other a bunch, so travel around it is easy. With the bridge detector, you can find other weak points (all points that you can travel back to the original dimension will bring you into an open area, so you do not get caught in the middle of a rock layer!). When you find out that certain portals are great for getting back to the original dimension, you can mark them in some way so you know to go back to that one every time. So basically it's a less convenient magic mirror, but still quite safe, barring any fall damage you might get jumping out of random warp points. Basically the other dimension is just a cross-roads from certain points to your previous dimension, and maybe later in the game, you find alternate dimension doors in the caverns? Here's another pointless picture, just in case it helps make the cavern system clearer...
I think it should take a while to use so it doesn't get you out of sticky situations as easily. Think how stupid Doctor Who would be if the TARDIS wasn't lost every second episode and they could leave whenever.
I think an object that takes you to spawn point would be great. I also think There's too many Terraria related questions/Suggestions, though it's understandable why there would be.