I believe Fungal Biomes and Fungal Planets would be an interesting addition to Starbound. Forgive me if they were already suggested. Fungal Biomes can spawn on the surface, or beneath the surface of planets, or a planet can be fungal itself. Large mushrooms and fungal growths would replace trees and structures, and breaking certain fungi would release spores which will poison you. Fungal Biomes and Planets would have distinct monsters, which could be new sprites altogether or existing sprites with mushrooms on them. Most of these monsters can poison you on impact. Underground fungal biomes are much more dangerous than their overworld counterparts and fungal spores are more common. Underground Fungal Biomes can generate large caverns with tremendous mushrooms that would generate a lot of wood, and stronger creatures that drop better weapons are likely to appear in these caverns. Dungeons on these worlds would probably result in large mushroom buildings above or underground with hostile Florians, possibly corrupted by the fungi, with surrounding smaller mushroom buildings nearby. The tops of massive mushroom trees are solid and can be walked on as a platform, and has a small chance to have a building built onto it. Villages can spawn on top of mushrooms, connected by bridges, or underneath mushrooms. The surface is usually very swampy, with various water lakes and poison lakes strewn about. There is a higher chance for laboratories to appear on Fungal Planets (odds are civilizations would want to research fungal biomes lore-wise), which have a chance to have hostile or friendly people of different races, or be abandoned altogether. Mushrooms would be visible from Outer Space when you're on your spaceship.
There's already a mushroom biome in the game but I can see where you're going wiht this new "fungal" planet/biome idea. It would be a good idea to have more hostile planets in Starbound that are more of a threat to the player than the monsters, threat level, weather and the natives; for example, the tentacles on the tentacle planets could attack you with crushing and acid ranged attacks along with having an acid rain weather system. We can build on your idea by saying that you need special equipment to visit this fungal planet as the spores can be hazardess to the player unless they're Floran (or maybe even infect the Floran race with fungus), especially in the underground areas that could have toxic fungal areas which should be avoided. Maybe we can also get a special playable fungus race which can be seen at the mushroom biomes now that can traverse this fungus planet.
I know of the mushroom biome but I figured a biome about fungus in general would be pretty neat. And I agree, there needs to be more hostile biomes/dangerous biomes. The spores wouldn't be everywhere in a fungal biome but they'd be in most of the areas to the point you'd probably die a lot trying to traverse the biome, so you'd have to build a filtration mask or something similar.
Sounds interesting! You can have my vote for Fungi planets! You keep mentioning mushroom houses and such, but what would their population be? Those corrupted Florans you mentioned?
The "mushroom people" currently in the game are just Florans with goofy hats. I killed one accidentally and am now in possession of said hat.