A plastic-like block that is slightly transparent but it is a very effective insulator for when you build areas where you need to trap heat. It requires chemical lab machines to craft. Aerogel is also very light so it can be used as a floating material or something that doesn't need a lot of weight.
I could think of many uses for this amazingly insulating material in Starbound, aerogel would make a good addition in my opinion.
I have some myself. Its freaky stuff. Its light weight, See through. It would look so cool as a building material and its uses seem interesting being that it is an awesome insulator. You could use it to create a freezer which is efficient. Making a room extremely cold with very little conduction of heat via the walls! Or go the reverse and make a room that is super heated and can vaporise enemies rapidly! Or just make some reeeealy crispy toast.. :/