DraikNova submitted a new mod: More threads - Lag reducer - Better performance on 3+ core computers Read more about this mod...
AMD doesn't do hyper-threading which means 1 thread scheduled per core at a time. Your FX-6300 processor actually has 6 cores though.
Everything I know about threads says yes. But if you really want to check for yourself, the best way is to go to an area that you know would lag you (for most users, this would probably be the outpost) without this mod and see whether it still lags when you have this installed.
I'll add to that. Code: /admin /debug That display adds your performance info to the screen(and lots of other info). To revert Code: /debug /admin Compare before and after.
I honestly have no idea, since unlike with NPCs and the outpost, there is no situation in Starbound where it consistently stutters (if what you mean is the "enemies hang in the air for a few seconds, during which they don't attack and don't register damage you do to them, but register all the damage at once immediately after they start moving again" phenomenon) for me to test it on, but it seems quite likely to me that it will reduce stuttering as well.
The version with 8 threads is already linked in the description, and I'll be uploading the 6 and 3-thread versions soon.
Others with 4 cores/logical processors have reported this helping, and logical processors aren't that important compared to physical cores, so I would say yes.